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Boris Pahor () (born 26 August 1913) is a writer, internationally most notable for his Holocaust experiences as described in the novel ''Necropolis'', told from the point of view of Nazi concentration camp survivor visiting Natzweiler-Struthof a camp twenty years after he had been sent from there back to Dachau, Mittelbau-Dora, Harzungen, and finally to Bergen-Belsen, which was liberated on 15 April 1945. Pahor is a prominent public figure in the Slovene minority in Italy who were affected by Fascist Italianization. Although a member of Slovene Partisans, he opposed Titoist Communism as well. He was awarded order of the Legion of Honour by the French government, the Cross of Honour for Science and Art by the Austrian government and been nominated for the Nobel prize for literature by the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts,〔(Boris Pahor was nominated for the Nobel prize ), ff.uni-lj.si (Slovenian)〕 but refused the title of ''honorary citizen of the capital of Slovenia'' because the Slovene minority in Italy (1920-1947) was not supported the way it ought to have been during the period of Fascist Italianization neither by right-wing nor by left-wing Slovenian political elites. He was married to the author Radoslava Premrl (1921–2010) and, at age 99, wrote a book dedicated to her.〔(Boris Pahor turns 99 ), slovenia.si; accessed 18 September 2015.〕 In addition to Slovene and Italian, he is also fluent in French. ==Early life under Italian Fascism== Pahor was born into a Slovene minority community in Trieste, the main port of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the capital of the Austrian Littoral region at the time. Pahor's father Franc was born in Kostanjevica na Krasu, a settlement that was severely ravaged by the Battles of the Isonzo during the First World War. Franc married Marija Ambrožič and found a job in Trieste as a civil servant in the Austro-Hungarian administration. Under the Treaty of Rapallo, the Kingdom of Italy annexed territories that included a substantial ethnic Slovene population, and that included a quarter of Slovene ethnic territory and approximately 327,000 out of total population of 1.3〔Lipušček, U. (2012) ''Sacro egoismo: Slovenci v krempljih tajnega londonskega pakta 1915'', Cankarjeva založba, Ljubljana. ISBN 978-961-231-871-0〕 million Slovenes.〔Cresciani, Gianfranco (2004) (Clash of civilisations ), Italian Historical Society Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, p. 4〕 After the annexation, and even more after Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922, the forced Fascist Italianization of the Slovene minority began. In 1920, Italian Black shirts in Trieste burned down the Slovene Community Hall ((スロベニア語:Narodni dom)), which the young Pahor witnessed. All non-Italian languages (including Slovene and German) were forbidden as languages of instruction by the Fascist regime three years after this event. Between 1926 and 1932, all Slovene, Croatian, and German toponyms as well as first and last names begun to be subjected to Italianisation—during which also his future wife's name (Radoslava) was changed to Francesca. Fascism had a traumatizing effect on young Pahor, which he remembered in an interview for ''Delo'' two months before his 100th birthday: Pahor later wrote about this childhood memory in one of his late novels, ''Trg Oberdan'' (Oberdan Square), named after the square on which the Slovene Community Hall stood, and also in essays. He enrolled in an Italian-language Catholic seminary in Capodistria, and graduated in 1935. He then went to Gorizia to study theology, leaving in 1938. The 1936 Fascist attack on Slovene choirmaster Lojze Bratuž — who was kidnapped, tortured, and killed on Christmas Eve because his choirs continued singing in Slovene — was later referred to by Pahor as confirming his dedication to anti-Fascism and the Slovene ethnic cause, as well as a lifelong intellectual opposition to all totalitarianisms in the name of Christian humanist and communitarian values. Although no public and private use of Slovene was allowed and the relations between Slovenes living in Fascist Italy and those from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia were forcibly cut off, Pahor nevertheless managed to publish his first short stories in several magazines in Ljubljana (then part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) under the pseudonym Jožko Ambrožič, after he began to study standard Slovene during his stay in Capodistria and Gorizia. In 1939, he established contact with the Slovenian personalist poet and thinker Edvard Kocbek.〔(Boris Pahor v Tivoliju o Edvardu Kocbeku ), delo.si, 26 August 2013 (in Slovenian).〕 Kocbek introduced him to contemporary literary trends and helped him improve his use of standard Slovene. In 1938, he returned to Trieste, where he established close contacts with the few Slovene intellectuals who were still working underground in Trieste, including poet Stanko Vuk and some members of the Slovene militant anti-fascist organization TIGR. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Boris Pahor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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